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If you need help, please contact Sylvia Roberts, Liaison Librarian for Communication & Contemporary Arts at 778.782.3681 or sroberts@sfu.ca or Ask a librarian
This research guide provides an portal to cultural policy resources. If you do not find what you need, please Ask a Librarian OR contact Sylvia Roberts, Liaison Librarian for Communication.
Introduction
Cultural policy varies in scope between countries but most culturally-related policies are described in government publications, at the local, regional, national or international level.
Finding and interpreting cultural policy documents, with supporting research literature, will enable you to understand contemporary cultural policy issues in both local and international settings.
In Canada, the scope of cultural policy is broad, including:
- performing & visual arts, film
- arts administration
- publishing, copyright
- broadcasting
- heritage & parks, cultural tourism
- folklife, sport
- bilingualism, multiculturalism
- citizenship, status of women
Local information
Publications from your organization
Using documents produced by your organization, those written about your organization, and interviews with people involved in your organization, you can research their:
- Role in their community
- History
- Structure and governance
- Policy environment: legislative, economic, social, political, cultural
- Government programs affecting their operations
Your organization will often use their website as an informational or promotional vehicle. Search Associations Canada or Google for the name of your organization, placed within quotation marks to force a phrase search, e.g. "Firehall Arts Centre". Some organizations may have a small web presence or be part of a larger web site, such as a municipal arts or recreational centre.
Once you've found a relevant web site, look for link labels that will lead you to information about the organization, such as About Us or Newsletter or Reports or What's New. You can often find information about funding sources, the names of members of the board of directors, current issues & events and other useful information on the site.
Ideally, you will be able to find these types of "grey literature"on the web site of your organization:
- annual reports
- newsletters
- publicity materials and news releases
- budget documents
- position papers and reports
Non-profit organizations are usually incorporated under legislation which dictates their structure and reporting requirements; for example, in BC, an organization formed under the Societies Act of British Columbia is required to file documents with the BC Registrar of Societies.
Non-profit organizations generally hold annual general meetings and publish annual reports of their activities and finances. However, these may not be easy to find on the web. If the documents are not included on the website, you may have to visit the physical site of the organization and request to view their paper files.
Public libraries can often be a great source of this type of information about local cultural organizations, if they've decided in their mandate to collect this stuff. The Central Branch of Vancouver Public Library often holds copies of annual reports for well-established non-profit organizations in their collection which you can consult on site. Many of these are in the Social Science division.
If the organization is Canadian and has charitable status (meaning you can get a tax deduction for donations to them), you may be able to find useful financial information in the forms submitted annually to Revenue Canada. Use the Registry of Charities to search for your organization by name and then view the forms. The number of employees and other useful information is contained in these forms as well.
To find other information about local non-profit arts organizations, search in newspaper databases, particularly Canadian Newsstream and the Vancouver Public Library British Columbia Index, because these index community newspapers which are more likely to cover smaller local organizations.
If you search the web for your organization, you may also be able to find references to them on other organization's web sites, for example, if they're received funding from government agencies or participated in public programs.
Governance
By incorporating as a society, organizations limit liability for their membership when entering into agreements on behalf of the group and enables groups to gain official recognition as a non-profit society so as to avoid assessed tax or service charges by Revenue Canada and/or financial institutions.
Most non-profit cultural organizations located in British Columbia are incorporated under the British Columbia Society Act which sets policy for how societies will be governed, membership, bylaws, finances, reporting requirements, etc. The Society Act Regulations provide more details about how parts of the act will be interpreted.
NOTE: To be sure you have the most up-to-date, official version of these documents, use QP Legaleze, a subscription database containing the text of current BC statutes and regulations.
However, given that your organization operates within other jurisdictions, you may be subject to other policies at the municipal, regional, provincial and/or federal level (see also government publications below).
Your society's operations will be subject to municipal bylaws, such as noise, smoking, business licensing, zoning. Lower Mainland municipal bylaws is on the "Urban bylaws, legislation and planning resources" page.
The Union of British Columbia Municipalities provides policy documents on issues of concern to all municipalities.
British Columbia provincial government laws and policies may also affect the operation of your organization. For example, labour falls under provincial jurisdiction so policies relating to worker safety (Work Safe BC: Workers' Compensation Board of BC), conditions of work (Employment Standards Branch), and what can be done by volunteers versus unionized workers in an organization (collective agreements between unions and employers available through the Labour Relations Board) may affect the operations of your organization.
You may also find federal policies that affect your organization, such as broadcasting regulations or cultural funding programs. Canada may also subscribe to international agreements that trickle down on your organization, such as trade agreements that may (or may not) protect cultural programs. See the Government section for more direction on searching for cultural policies at the national and international level.
Related organizations
Other organizations may also have developed policies that affect your group. For example, members of your organization may require certification from a professional organization to operate or be a member of a coalition of groups that are acting on a issue of shared interest.
You can find the names of these related organizations in publications from your group, on their web site as related links, in listserv archives on the web where people have shared discussions on your topic, in news articles, etc.
You might also try searching association directories such as:
- BC211 (aka "Red Book" - [guide to community, social and government agencies and services across the Lower Mainland)
- Associations Canada : an encyclopedic directory
Newspaper article indexes
To supplement information in documents created by your organization, try searching for your organization or specific project in newspaper databases. Not only are news articles a source of facts but also of other leads, like the names of organizations, reports, and people with an interest in your issue.
- CBCA Complete major index for Canadian newspapers, popular and business magazines, and scholarly journals
- Canadian Newsstream full text of Canadian major daily and weekly newspapers
- Vancouver Public Library's British Columbia Index (2002 - ) Courier, WestEnder, Georgia Straight, etc.
- Legislative Library of British Columbia Indexes Selective index to newspapers and magazines published in British Columbia
Even if you don't find articles specifically naming your group, you may find relevant articles about similar groups in other jurisdictions that give you a sense of the environment in which your group operates.
Finding government publications on cultural policy
Municipal, regional, provincial, federal government bodies and supranational organizations may all produce cultural policies that impact your organization. These policies will be expressed through:
- Regulatory instruments (laws, regulations, treaties, trade agreements)
- Policies and programs
- Public sector institutions
- Funding sources (direct and incentives)
Consider using secondary sources such as newspaper articles to identify pertinent reports, ministries, NGOs, international bodies, etc. Search for these specific leads using Google's phrase search.
If you don't start with a known item or government body, you can often start at the main web page for that jurisdiction and use use the search feature on the site. Your results may include position papers, consumer information, legislation, committee minutes & proceedings, etc. Follow the most likely links in your result set to get to the specific web site for the body of government responsible and then try your search again for increased relevancy.
Canada
Canadian Heritage is the federal government ministry with responsibility for cultural policy at the national level. However, many other government agencies at the national or provincial level have an interest in cultural policy.
If you don't know the body responsible for your topic, go to the top level government site (e.g.Canada or British Columbia) and use the site search feature to look for specific reports or by topic. Look for a link to browse topic lists or lists of publications by topic.
The Library of Parliament's Research Publications provide policy backgrounders on various topics for members of parliament. For example, under the Culture and Communications grouping includes reports/background papers on:
- Canadian Broadcasting Policy
- Federal Government Policy on Arts and Culture
- Canadian Multiculturalism
Use the Parliamentary web site to investigate recent policy initiatives, as discussed in the House of Commons, as part of proposed legislation or discussed as part of Parliamentary committee business.
Federal government
ministry or agency web sites provide information about cultural policy in Canada. When you're at the homepage for the organization, look for links labelled "policy", "publications", "research", "reports", "news", etc.
- Canadian Heritage
Includes links to legislation, funding programs, research and evaluative reports, descriptions of programs, policies and agencies reporting to the ministry, such as the [link gone Trade and Investment Policy Directorate] which "ensures that Canada's cultural and trade policy objectives are balanced and reflected in international trade and investment agreements" - Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Statistics Canada including Culture and leisure
- Funding - Culture, history and sport
- Canadian Culture in a Global World Global Affairs Canada
- Canada Council for the Arts
- Telefilm Canada
- Canadian Media Fund
- Canada Music Fund
- National Film Board
- Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
- National Arts Centre
- National Gallery of Canada
- Library and Archives Canada including "Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences" (The Massey commission report)
Provincial, regional and municipal governments
also provide oversight and funding for cultural activities within their mandate. Example:
- British Columbia Ministry of Community, Sport and Cultural Development
- Creative BC "independent agency that is responsible for promoting the development of creative industries in British Columbia"
- City of Vancouver Arts and culture
- Creative City Network of Canada "an organization of people employed by municipalities across Canada working on arts, culture and heritage policy, planning, development and support"
Print editions of many government reports can be found in the SFU Library catalogue. Search for specific documents, by title or government author, or search for those on a specific topic.
- Canadian Research Index provides access to Canadian municipal, provincial and federal government documents on microfiche which do not appear in the catalogue. Documents found in the Canadian Research Index database are available in a microfilm collection (JL 044 37) on the 6th floor of the Bennett Library. Individual reports are filed by the m# number in the record. You may also find them on a government web site.
- Canadian Electronic Library is a full text of public policy documents from Canadian institutes, think-tanks and research groups
Europe
- Compendium: Cultural Policies in Europe
- European Commission - Culture
- Council of Europe links to Culture and DG Democracy initiatives in culture, heritage, language, sport, cinema co-production, etc.
- European Parliament Cultural Policy fact sheet
International
- Unesco
- Culture includes research databases such as Cultural Heritage Laws and Collection of National Copyright Laws
- World Heritage Centre
- Communication and Information
- CultureLink Network "the Network of Networks for Research and Cooperation in Cultural Development, was established by UNESCO and the Council of Europe"; includes profiles for selected countries in the Cultural Policy database and a directory of international & national cultural organizations, research institutions, publications and other resources
- [link gone: International Network on Cultural Policy] (INCP-RIPC) "international forum where national ministers responsible for culture can explore and exchange views on new and emerging cultural policy issues and to develop strategies to promote cultural diversity in an informal venue"
Think tanks and research centres
Canadian
- Centre for Policy Studies on Culture and Communities SFU based
- Parkland Institute University of Alberta "economic, social, cultural and political issues facing Albertans and Canadians"
American
- Americans for the Arts including the National Arts Administration and Policy Publications Database and Arts Watch, "weekly cultural policy publication of Americans for the Arts"
- Benton Foundation works"to realize the social benefits made possible by the public interest use of communications"
International
- ERICarts (European Research Institute for Comparative Cultural Policy and the Arts)
- Boekman Foundation Study Centre for arts, culture and related policy
- [link gone CIRCLE. Cultural Information and Research Centres Liaison in Europe]
- Australian Policy Online: Culture and Communications
Academic
- Princeton University Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies (US) including CPANDA, the Cultural Policy & the Arts National Data Archive
- Cultural Policy Center Publications now part of Place Lab, University of Chicago (US) working papers series
- Centre for Culture and the Creative Industries City University, London (UK)
- Australian Cultural and Communications Policy Murdoch University (AU)
Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- BC Alliance for Arts + Culture
- Canadian Conference of the Arts (CCA) "Canada's oldest and largest arts advocacy group"
- MediaSmarts "Canada's Centre for Digital and Media literacy" Research and Policy section
- Webster's World of Cultural Policy "An online resource center for the study of cultural policy from the perspective of cultural democracy" produced by the Institute for Cultural Democracy
- Culture Action Europe
- NINCH: National Initiative for a Networked Cultural Heritage (US) list of online articles and programs on copyright, economic models, etc.
- The Alliance for Media Arts + Culture (US) includes a member directory
Journal article indexes
Articles in scholarly publications provide research results, analysis, statistics and position papers by academics and researchers. You can get a sense of how policies in different jurisdictions affect organizations similar to your own or search for discussion of policy issues by topic.
When searching for journal articles, consider how these provide a national and international context for your organization, as well as the local, for example, creative cultural funding sources (tax incentives), the influence of globalization and developments that influence the cultural infrastructure.
NOTE: The Canadian Journal of Communication Special Issue: Making Connections: Culture and Social Cohesion in the New Millennium. Spring 27 (2, 3) 2002. Search for other full text articles on cultural policy and related issues in the CJC.
- Canadian Electronic Library Full text of public policy documents from Canadian institutes, think-tanks and research groups
- Communication & Mass Media Complete indexing and some full text articles from academic journals
- Sociological Abstracts academic articles in the field of communication, social planning
- Humanities & Social Sciences Index - aademic articles across a range of fields
- Art Full Text articles about the fine, applied and performing arts and their institutional context
- Business Source Complete indexes both academic and trade publications
- ECONLIT cultural economics topics
- Web of Science cross-disciplinary index, which also permits citation searching
- Academic Search Premier - popular academic articles from many disciplines; indexes many communication & media journals
- Alternative Press Index alternative & radical publications
Copyright 2012 Sylvia Roberts