CMNS 262 : Design and Method in Qualitative Communication Research (Fiona Jeffries) Summer 2012

This guide is intended to help you find CMNS research related to phenomena observed during your observational assignment #1, summer 2012, in order to complete assignment #2.

If you do not find what you need, please contact Sylvia Roberts, Liaison Librarian for Communication: sroberts@sfu.ca  / 778.782.3681.  I'd be pleased to consult about your research, whether it's tracking down a specific title, identifying relevant literature or managing the information flow.

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Excerpt from assignment one:

For this assignment you will observe a designated public space and write about what you see and experience. The focus will be on how different communication processes operate in public spaces.

The four different sites you can choose to conduct your observation are:

  • a city bus (either one of: #22 or #4)
  • the Vancouver Public Library
  • a shopping mall (Metrotown, Pacific Centre or Surrey Central)
  • one of the  summer night markets (Chinatown, Richmond). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Concretely, you will practice the method of observation to address five general questions:

  1. Describe the place you are observing: What does the physical arrangement tell you about this place?
     
  2. Who is there? Why do they seem to be there? What are they doing? How is power organized in this place? Who seems to have more and who has less power? What, if anything, makes it a public space?
     
  3.  What communication processes are happening in this place? (For example: verbal interactions, body language, presence and form of signage, music, and other media.)
     
  4. What are the signs, if any, of the presence of "the global" in the sense Michael Burawoy outlines in the local site you have chosen?
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    Based on your observations, what are two or three social phenomena that would be interesting to study more closely?

  6. Identify some communication research from a peer-reviewed scholarly article that relates to the phenomena you're addressing.

 

Why do a literature search?

Most academic research articles

  • Establish an identifiable need for your research (gap analysis)
  • Situate your research question within a current  intellectual context
  • Increase your breadth of knowledge: key concepts, terminology, definitions, models, theoretical framework. works
  • Identify opposing views
  • Review relevant methodologies

 

Start with these article indexes:

Additional indexes for specific contexts / topics of study:

 

How can I tell if something is a scholarly or academic publication?

When you use books or journal articles published by an academic or scholarly publisher, you can feel confident that the quality of the research and its presentation have been assured. This is not always true of sources that do not undergo a peer review or scholarly editorial process, such as web pages or popular magazines or newspapers.

To ensure you are using credible, high quality resources, you need to evaluate the content of the information and credentials of the author. Once you practise this for a few papers, it will become second nature to you.

Evaluate your findings

It is important to critically evaluate your readings to establish their relevance and credibility for your research topic. After all, you are basing your theoretical framework and your literature review on what you have read. You are looking for the strengths and weaknesses in what you have read to produce a critical and sound literature review.

Authority

  • Who conducted the research?
  • Is the author an authority in their field of study?
  • What evidence is there to support this?

Validity (of research & sources)

  • Where has this research come from?
  • Is it from a valid source, eg an educational institution?
  • Is it peer reviewed or been passed by an editorial panel, eg is it in a refereed journal?
  • If it is from a website, does it contain details of author, is it from a .edu site, does it have a publication date?

Accuracy / coverage

  • What is the literature about?
  • Is the literature accurate and how do you know? One way to find out is to check if the same research is referred to in other sources, or is it inconsistent with other findings?
  • What makes the literature believable? Is the literature from credible sources, see validity.
  • Is the information complete? Based on your research so far, does the information appear to cover the area being studied?
  • Is there any further research that has not been mentioned or deliberately omitted from the findings?
  • In which country was the article written? Is this location relevant / important to your research?

Objectivity

  • Is there evidence of bias in the article? For example, would you trust research from a cigarette manufacturer claiming that smoking does not damage your health?
  • Do the statistics match those in other publications? If not, is the argument (method, research design etc) on which they are based convincing?
  • How do you know the data is true? What other supporting data is there?

Currency

  • What is the publication date of the material?
  • Is it likely that more current information is available?
  • Have you found any more recent research that casts doubt upon or refutes some findings?
  • Have you checked for more recent information / research? It is advisable to have some references that are current.

Not sure if a journal is peer-reviewed?

Use Ulrich's Periodicals Directory / ulrichsweb.ca. Search for the journal title and look for the referee's jersey icon (see screen shot below).

"Refereed" is another way of saying that a journal is peer-reviewed, i.e. reviewed by experts to assure the articles are of a high standard and contribute significantly to scholarship in the field.